DANGER: Failure or improper selection or improper use of hose, fittings, or related accessories can cause death, personal injury and property damage. Possible consequences of failure or improper selection or improper use of hose, fittings, or related accessories include but are not limited to: Before selecting or using any Parker Hose or Fittings or related accessories, it is important that you read and follow the instructions below. • Explosion or burning of the conveyed fluid. • Contact with conveyed fluids, hot, cold, toxic and injurious. • Dangerously whipping hose. • Loss of control system. • High velocity fluid discharge. • Fittings thrown off at high speed. • Injection by high-pressure fluid discharge. 1.0 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1.1 Scope: 1.2 Fail-Safe: 1.3 Distribution: 1.4 User Responsibility: 1.5 Additional Questions: 2.0 HOSE AND FITTING SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS 2.1 Electrical Conductivity: 2.2 Pressure: This safety guide provides instructions for selecting and using (including assembling, installing, and maintaining) hose (including all rubber products commonly called “hose” or “tubing”), fittings (including all products commonly called “fittings” or “couplings” for attachment to hose), and related accessories (including crimping and swaging machines and tooling). This safety guide is a supplement to and is to be used with, the specific Parker publications for the specific hose, fittings and related accessories that are being considered for use. Hose and hose assemblies can and do fail without warning for many reasons. Design all systems and equipment in a fail-safe mode, so that failure of the hose or hose assembly will not endanger persons or property. Provide a copy of this safety guide to each person that is responsible for selecting or using hose and fitting products. Do not select or use hose and fittings without thoroughly reading and understanding this safety guide as well as the specific Parker publications for the products considered or selected. Due to the wide variety of operating conditions and uses for hose and fittings, Parker and its distributors do not represent or warrant that any particular hose or fitting is suitable for any specific end use system. Most Parker Stratoflex Products Division products are qualified to Military or Industry Standards. This safety guide does not analyze all technical parameters that must be considered in selecting a product. The user, through its own analysis and testing, is solely responsible for: • Making the final selection of the hose and fitting. • Assuring that the user's requirements are met and that the use presents no health or safety hazards. • Providing all appropriate health and safety warnings on the equipment on which the hose and fittings are used. Call the appropriate Parker technical service department if you have any questions or require any additional information. See the Parker publication for the product being considered or used, for telephone numbers of the appropriate technical service department. Certain applications require that a hose be nonconductive to prevent electrical current flow or maintain electrical isolation. Other applications require the hose to be sufficiently conductive to drain off static electricity; this is typical of rubber hose and of all aerospace fuel, oil and hydraulic PTFE hose. Extreme care must be exercised when selecting hose and fittings for these or any other applications in which electrical conductivity or non-conductivity is a factor. For applications that require hose to be electrically nonconductive, only special nonconductive hose can be used. The manufacturer of the equipment in which the nonconductive hose is to be used must be consulted to be certain that the hose and fittings that are selected are proper for the application. Do not use any Parker hose or fitting for any such application requiring nonconductive hose unless (i) the application is expressly approved in the Parker technical publication for the product, (ii) the manufacturer of the equipment on which the hose is to be used specifically approves the particular Parker hose and fitting for such use. The electrical conductivity or non-conductivity of hose and fittings is dependent upon many factors and may be susceptible to change. These factors include but are not limited to the various materials, including fitting finish, used to make the hose and the fittings, how the fittings contact the hose, age and amount of deterioration of damage or other changes and other factors. Aluminum fitting finish effects “conductivity”; anodize is non-conductive, while alodine is conductive. Hose selection must be made so that the published maximum recommended working pressure of the hose is equal to or greater than the maximum system pressure. Surge pressures in the system higher than the published maximum recommended working pressure would cause failure or shorten hose life. Do not confuse burst pressure or other pressure values with working pressure and do not use burst pressure or other pressure values for this purpose. and/or PTFE Hose assemblies are “proof pressure” tested (normally 2 x working rated pressure) to confirm proper fabrication of the assembly. Gaseous test, including air-under-water, shall be at rated working pressure only and see 4.7 caution below. Care must be exercised to prevent water, or other fluid contaminants from unnecessarily contacting reinforcement, etc. Hoses used for suction applications must be selected to insure that the hose will withstand the vacuum and pressure of the system. Improperly selected hose may collapse in suction application. Be certain that fluid and ambient temperatures, both steady and transient, do not exceed the limitations of the hose. Temperatures below and above the recommended limit can degrade hose to a point where a failure may occur and release fluid. Care must be taken when routing hose near hot objects (e.g. manifolds) to properly insulate and protect the hose. Fire sleeve is not intended as insulation. Hose selection must assure compatibility of the hose tube, cover, reinforcement, and fittings with the fluid media used. Actual service life can only be determined by the end user by history or testing under all extreme conditions and other analysis. Permeation (that is, seepage through the hose) may occur from inside the hose to outside when hose is used with gases, liquid and gas fuels, and refrigerants (including but not limited to such materials as helium, fuel oil, natural gas, or refrigerant). This permeation may result in high concentrations of vapors, which are potentially flammable, explosive, or toxic, and in loss of fluid. Dangerous explosions, fires, and other hazards can result when using the wrong hose for such applications. The system designer must take into account the fact that this permeation will take place and must not use hose if this permeation could be hazardous. The system designer must take into account all legal, government, insurance, or any other special regulations, which govern the use of fuels and refrigerants. Never use a hose even though the fluid compatibility is acceptable without considering the potential hazardous effects that can result from permeation through the hose assembly. Transmission of power by means of pressurized fluid varies with pressure and rate of flow. The size of the components must be adequate to keep pressure losses to a minimum, and avoid damage due to heat generation or excessive fluid velocity. must be given to optimum routing to minimize inherent problems (kinking or flow restriction due to hose collapse). See SAE AIR1569 for further information. Care must be taken to insure that the hose and fittings are either compatible with or protected from the environment (that is, surrounding conditions) to which they are exposed. Environmental conditions including but not limited to ultraviolet radiation, sunlight, heat, ozone, moisture, water, salt water, chemicals and air pollutants can cause degradation and premature failure. External forces can significantly reduce hose life or cause failure. Mechanical loads, which must be considered, include excessive flexing, twist, kinking, tensile or side loads, bend radius, and vibration. Use of swivel type fittings or adapters may be required to insure no twist is put into the hose. Unusual applications may require special testing prior to hose selection. Care must be taken to protect hose from wear, snagging and cutting, which can cause premature hose failure. See SAE ARP1658 for Visual Guide. See instructions 3.2 through 3.5 below. Testing to industry standards such as MIL-A-5070, AS1339, J517, etc must substantiate these recommendations. When establishing a proper hose length, motion absorption, hose length changes due to pressure, and hose and machine tolerances must be considered. 2.3 Suction: 2.4 Temperature: 2.5 Fluid Compatibility: 2.6 Permeation: Gaseous permeation, particularly through a PTFE hose, occurs primarily if the gas is “stored” at pressure in the hose. Most standards limit the amount of permissible permeation. 2.7 Size: 2.8 Routing: Attention 2.9 Environment: 2.10 Mechanical Loads: 2.11 Physical Damage: 2.12 Proper End Fitting: 2.13 Length: Parker Safety Guide for Selecting and Using Hose,Tubing, Fittings and Related Accessories Parker Hannifin Corporation Stratoflex Products Division Fort Worth, Texas 27 106-SG Safety Guide
